Hello everyone!
This discussion is about translation research. For more details about the translation research, please check the article below:
TRANSLATION
RESEARCH
A. Research design
Many research
methods can be used in researching the work of translation, but all of these
methods are descriptive, can be in the category of both qualitative and
quantitative depending on the purpose of research. A study that wanted to find
correlation between background, knowledge, gender and translation experience
with the quality or type of mistranslation done by quantitative approach and
apply correlation coefficient calculation formula. While research on translator
errors, translation procedures in accordance with the type of text, is more
suited to be approached with a qualitative approach.
B.
Translation research
Research related to
the field of translation can be classified into 3 groups according to the topic
of discussion.
1. Research on process and translation results
a)
Research on the process of translation
Research on the
process of translation can be done in many ways, such as interviews,
observation or thinking hard. Observations are made to observe the birth
process or translation activities at the time of translating a manuscript.
Activities that can be recorded for example what he did from start to finish.
According to Bathgate (Widyamartaya, 1988: 18-19), the translation process
follows the sequence of assessment, analysis, comprehension, search terms,
assembly, checking and discussion or discussion. In terms of the accuracy of
each procedure, it can be concluded that the standard translation is best used
to translate the names of well-known social institutions. The cultural
equivalent is better used to translate the name of the profession or occupation
and the equivalent of perian and component analysis is suitable for translating
words and phrases related to cultures whose meanings cannot be found in the BSa
but are considered important enough for the reader to know.
b)
Research on translation results
Research on results
or quality of translation can be done in many ways. Among the ways that are
often used are as follows:
Ø
Comparing
BSu text and BSa text. Every sentence BSa compared with sentences BSu,
researchers can analyze whether there are meanings and messages in the text of
BSu that is not conveyed in the text BSa.
Ø
The
translation back is literally translating the text of the BSa into the text of
BSu.
Ø
With
the Cloze procedure, the researcher takes a piece of BSa text and then removes
one word every particular word count (say the word in tenth count), then
instructs the research subject to replenish the places that the original word
has omitted. If the results are good, then the translation is considered good
because it has a high degree of legibility.
Ø
Measure
the level of understanding of BSa reader, the researcher asks someone to read
BSa text. After which he measured the level of understanding of the contents of
the BSa text. If the result is good then the translation can be said good.
Ø Comparing
comprehension and impression by BSU and BSa readers, the researcher asks the
reader of BSa text and BSU text to read BSa and BSu texts. After which the level
of understanding of its contents and its impression of the language style of
both types of text that can be caught readers compared. If the result is worth
it then the translation is considered good.
2. Research on
teaching translation
Research on the teaching
of translation includes research on students, lecturers and teaching and
learning process of translation along with all its variables. About the
students, researchers can examine the influence of student background on
gender, mother tongue, duration of stay in BSa culture or level of intelligence
to quality or error translation. In terms of lecturers, can be examined whether
the success of teaching the translation was influenced by the experience of
translation or the deepening of science translation. In terms of teaching and
learning process can be studied what teaching methods and what teaching
materials that can support the success of teaching translation.
3. Research that uses
translation as a tool
Research in the
field of foreign language teaching, especially those within the scope of the
analysis of mistakes often use translation as a tool. Student translation
results observed. If there is an unspoken meaning in the BSa or a grammatical
error in the BSa text, then the error is considered an indicator that a
grammatical grain or a certain vocabulary has not been mastered by the student
concerned.
C.
Translation researcher
Sometimes a concept
or theory in this case about translation can be easily understood and mastered,
but in practice or at the time of the process, such translation takes place, an
interpreter sometimes has difficulty in its application. Then the process and
the results of the translation can be investigated. According to Newmark (1988:
84) in Suryawinata (2003: 174) states that sometimes a concepts can be easily
described in descriptions or theories. However, when it is at the level of
practice, it is possible that these concepts are difficult to distinguish or
even clearly recognized. In this context research can be a search the
translation process done by a translator whether it is linear or even irregular.
In addition to
research on the process and results of the translation, there are still two
more things can be researched (Suryawinata, 2003: 171) namely (1) research on
teaching translation, and (2) research using translation as a tool. While that
approach needed in research on translation is qualitative and quantitative,
depends on the purpose of his research. If you want to find a correlation
between translation experience an interpreter with the quality or type of
translation error, is required quantitative methods. In addition, this method
is also very appropriate to use in research in the scope of the teaching of
translation, for example from the student side, their level of intelligenc against
quality or error translation. While the next method is use if the research
contains errors in translation, procedures and others it is more appropriate to
use qualitative methods to do a research about translating a person should be
more formerly mastered about, the language of the sumbar and the target
language, the theory of translation, and field of science that is translated.
So they could have: (a) the translation agent wanted examining the quality of
the translation, (b) the publisher of the translation work, for example, to
research his publishing works, (c) the client of the translation, (d) the
critic, the scientist or the observer of the matter translations in this case
can be a lecturer, student or researcher.
D.
Examples of translation research
1. Examples of IPTEK research translations
IPTEK
translation research model cannot be uniformed because the method and procedure
depends on the purpose of translation. Here will be presented examples of
research models of translation process IPTEK manuscript ever done by Brislin
(1976). This research tries to observe the process or procedure of translation
of IPTEK English script into Vietnamese by Vietnam translators. The theme of
his research is the general problem of translating IPTEK manuscripts from a
language that has many technical terms (English) into languages with only a few
technical terms (Vietnam).
To get data about what the translators do, researchers
observe them while translating. One of his findings is that the process of
translating itself does not take a long time. As much time is required to
understand complex phrases, such as "nose and hydraulic system reservoirs
must be properly serviced". Other processes that take a lot of time are
search terms or describe terms like "hydraulic system reservoirs".
To measure the
translation quality of the translators, Brislin (1976: 15) uses three ways:
reverse translation, testing of Vietnamese reading comprehension and testing by
measuring the performance of technicians who must use BSU and BSa texts to
perform their reparations work. The results show that back translation can be
used to sort the results of translations based on their quality. In addition,
this technique can show certain English-language structures that tend to be
difficult to translate into Vietnamese. More understanding of the test can show
the quality of the translation. Translations with the worst quality is
evidenced by the average comprehension value of the BSa reader whsich is only
2.1 (from scale 0-10). While the best translations got an average score of 6.1.
This result was correlated with the measurement results by way of translation
back. From testing technician performance (BSa text reader) also obtained a
clear picture. A good BSa text allows the technicians to complete 73% of their
work. While the ugliest BSa text only helps the technician group to complete
11%.
2. Examples of prose
fiction translation research
Each researcher can
design his own design according to the purpose of his research. The following
is an example of literary translation research conducted by Hariyanto (1997).
This study focuses on the analysis of equivalence level of BSu and BSa texts on
three main aspects namely, meaning or message, style and impression of the
reader. Meaning is written information in the source language, whereas the
message is the feeling, emotion and implications that the author hopes to be
understood by the reader.
There are three
problems to be revealed through this research
Ø
Is
the BSa text adequate in terms of meaning and mandate?
Ø
Is
the BSa text adequate in terms of style?
Ø
Does
the BSU and BSa text reader have the same impression?
The first data
source is the original novel "Manyar
birds" by Y.B. Mangunwijaya and its translation version entitled
"the Weaverbirds", the
translation of T.M. Hunter. The data in the form of sentences in Chapter I and
their translations are presented in a broader context or in groups of sentences
containing one main idea. This is done to give a complete picture of the idea
presented by the author.
The second data
source group is 25 native speakers or speakers that resemble native speakers of
English, 25 native speakers of Indonesian language, and 10 people who speak
Indonesian and English well and have good knowledge in translation theory.
The data collection procedure is as follows:
a. The
researcher reads the entire original novel and chooses a chapter to examine.
b.
Researchers
divided the selected chapters into groups, each group containing one idea.
c.
The
researcher copies each group of sentences and translations into tables for
further analysis.
d.
The
researcher asked 25 native speakers or speakers who resembled native English
speakers to read the translation of chapter I and subsequently answered
questionnaire B.
e.
Researchers
asked 25 native speakers of the Indonesian language to read the original text
of chapter I and then answer the questionnaire A
f.
Researchers
asked 10 people who have good skills in Indonesian and English and know the
translation theory to fill the questionnaire C
The collected data
is then analyzed by the following steps:
a.
Comparing
the source language and the language of the target sentence by sentence. In
this process, the researcher gives an assessment of the correspondence of the
source language text and the target language in terms of meaning or message and
style.
b.
Comparing
each sentence with the English translation then identifying the accuracy of the
translation. Assessment of accuracy is done on the basis of the equivalence of
meaning and style.
c.
Gave
a score for the results of questionnaires A and B
d.
Compare
the mean of questionnaires A and B, then interpret the results
e.
Give
score for result of questionnaire C
f.
Discusses
the results from steps 1 through 4 with a guide to the C questionnaire results
Quite a lot of discussion of material about translation research in this article. hopefully useful .thank you.
REFERENCES
Endang
suciati. Penerjemah dan penelitian
terjemahan. University of pesantren tinggi darul’ulum jombang.
Suryawinata,Zuchrdi & Sugeng Harianto. Translation
“Bahasa teori & penuntun praktis menerjemahkan”. Penerbit
Kanisius.2000.
This is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Accordingly, it is difficult to figure out when to end it. But then, this is dummy text. It is not meant to be read. Period.
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon